K- Ishobora guhindurwa kugira ngo igenzurwe, ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ripimwe, ibikoresho bishobora gukurikiranwa - inyungu zose zizanwa n'ishingiro rihamye.

Ibisobanuro bigufi:

Imashini zikora urubura zikozwe mu mavuta n'imashini zikora urubura zigaragaza icyizere cy'abakoresha binyuze mu gutanga ibimenyetso bifatika by'imbaraga zazo, zikubiyemo ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi: kwerekana amashusho y'amashanyarazi n'ibirango byihariye hamwe n'ibitekerezo by'abakiriya, gutanga raporo z'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu n'ingaruka z'ubukonje ku buryo bukonjeshwa n'umwuka n'amazi, no kwerekana raporo z'igerageza ry'ibikoresho by'icyuma kidashonga hamwe na videwo z'igerageza ridashira cyangwa ridashira. Ibi bikoresho bifatika bihindura inyungu z'ibicuruzwa mu buryo bugaragara, bigafasha abakoresha gufata ibyemezo byo kugura bafite icyizere.

Ubwa mbere, kwerekana amashusho y’amashanyarazi n’ibirango byakozwe ku giti cyabyo, hamwe n’ibitekerezo by’abakiriya, bigaragaza neza uburyo imashini zikoresha imbaraga n’agaciro ko kwamamaza ikirango. Ku bijyanye no guhindura ingufu, ububiko bw’ibikoresho birimo amashusho y’imashini zahinduwe kuri 110V ku bakiriya bo muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru, 220V ku bakoresha bo muri Aziya, na 230V ku bakiriya b’i Burayi—buri foto igaragaza neza imiterere y’amashanyarazi n’inganda z’umukiriya (urugero, imashini y’urubura ya 110V yashyizwe mu muyoboro wa kawa wo muri Amerika). Ku bijyanye no guhindura ibirango, hari amafoto nyayo y’imashini zifite ibirango byanditseho cyangwa byanditseho by’ibirango byo guteka, amahoteli, n’ibigo by’ibinyobwa, bigaragaza uburyo imashini zihuza n’ishusho y’ikirango cy’abakiriya. Aya mashusho aherekeje ibitekerezo birambuye ku bakiriya: itsinda ry’ihoteli ry’i Burayi ryagize riti: “Imashini y’urubura ya 230V yakozwe ku giti cyayo ijyanye neza n’amashanyarazi yo mu gace dutuyemo, kandi ikirango kiri kuri iyo mashini cyongerera agaciro ikirango cyacu mu cyumba cy’ubukerarugendo”; ikigo cy’ibinyobwa cyo muri Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’Uburasirazuba cyavuze kiti: “Imashini y’urubura ya 230V yakozwe ku giti cyayo yabaye ahantu hato ho kwerekana ikirango, yakira ibitekerezo byiza bivuye ku bakiriya.” Ibi bibazo nyabyo n’ibitekerezo bikuraho gushidikanya kw’abakoresha ku bijyanye no guhindura no gukora neza.

Icya kabiri, gutanga raporo z'ibizamini by'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu n'ingaruka zo gukonjesha ku buryo bukonjesha n'amazi bifasha abakoresha guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gukonjesha hashingiwe ku byo bakeneye by'ukuri. Raporo z'ibizamini zikorerwa muri laboratwari y'umwuga munsi y'ubushyuhe bumwe (25°C) n'ubushyuhe bw'amazi (20°C). Ku buryo bukonjesha n'amazi, raporo ivuga ko imashini ikora urubura rwa kilogarama 500 ku munsi ikoresha amashanyarazi angana na kWh 85 ku munsi, ifite umuvuduko wo gukonjesha w'iminota 15 kugira ngo igere ku bushyuhe bugenwe; ku buryo bukonjesha n'amazi, imashini imwe ikoresha kWh 72 z'amashanyarazi ku munsi, ifite umuvuduko wo gukonjesha w'iminota 10. Raporo kandi igereranya uburyo bubiri bukoreshwa: uburyo bukonjesha n'umwuka burasabwa ahantu hafite umwuka uhagije (urugero, amasoko y'ibiribwa yo hanze) kuko idasaba guhuza imiyoboro y'amazi, mu gihe uburyo bukonjesha n'amazi bukwiriye cyane ahantu ho mu nzu hari ubushyuhe bwinshi (urugero, ibikoni bya resitora) bitewe nuko ihora ikonjesha neza. Aya makuru arambuye yemerera abakoresha guhitamo uburyo buhuza kuzigama ingufu no gukoresha neza ubukonje bitewe n'imiterere y'aho bakorera.

Icya gatatu, kwerekana raporo z'ibizamini by'ibikoresho by'icyuma kidashonga ndetse na videwo z'ibizamini birwanya ingese bigaragaza neza ko imashini ziramba. Raporo y'ibizamini by'ibikoresho irimo ibyavuye mu bigo byemewe bipima, byemeza ko imashini zikoresha ibyuma 304 bitagira ingese (bifite chromium ya 18% n'ibifite nikeli ya 8%), byujuje ibisabwa mu rwego rw'umutekano w'ibiribwa kandi bifite imikorere ikomeye yo kurwanya ingese. Videwo y'ibizamini birwanya ingese igaragaza uburoso bw'icyuma bukora ku buso bw'imashini buri gihe mu minota 10, nta gushwanyagurika cyangwa gushishwa kw'irangi; videwo y'ibizamini birwanya ingese ifata igice cy'imashini cyinjijwe mu munyu wa 5% mu gihe cy'amasaha 72, nta bipimo by'ingese bigaragara. Ibi bimenyetso bifatika n'ibyanditse bikemura impungenge z'abakoresha ku bijyanye n'ubwiza bw'ibikoresho - cyane cyane ku bigo bikora ahantu hashyushye (urugero, amasoko y'ibikomoka ku mazi) cyangwa abakoresha imashini mu bikorwa bijyanye n'ibiribwa, bishimangira ko imashini zigumana imikorere myiza n'isuku mu gihe kirekire.

Mu guhuza ibyerekanwa by’ibizamini, raporo z’ibizamini, n’ibyemezo by’ibikoresho, imashini za pellet na cube barafu zubaka sisitemu yuzuye yo kwizera, bigatuma ibyiza byazo mu guhindura ibintu, gukoresha neza ingufu, no kuramba bitaba ari ibintu bidafite umumaro ahubwo biba ibimenyetso bifatika. Ubu buryo ntibubatandukanya gusa n’abanywanyi bishingikiriza ku kwamamaza ku buryo budasobanutse neza, ahubwo bunaha abakoresha ishingiro rihagije ryo gusuzuma niba imashini zihuye n’ibyo bakeneye.

Ohereza imeri kuri twe

Ibisobanuro birambuye ku gicuruzwa

Ibirango by'ibicuruzwa

K- Ishobora guhindurwa kugira ngo igenzurwe, ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ripimwe, ibikoresho bishobora gukurikiranwa - inyungu zose zizanwa n'ishingiro rihamye.

Intangiriro y'ikigo

Iyi ni Jingyao – turi ikigo gikomeye ku isi gitanga imashini z'urubura. Mu myaka 30 ishize, twiyemeje guhanga amahirwe atagira ingano ku bacuruzi, ibigo n'abaguzi. Icyicaro cyacu giherereye i Shanghai, gifite abakozi barenga 500. Iyi sosiyete ifite ubuso bwa metero kare zigera ku 4.000, kandi ibicuruzwa byacu byoherezwa mu bihugu birenga 200 nka Filipine, Shili, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ositaraliya, na Venezuwela.
Dutanga imiterere ikwiye kandi ijyanye n'ibyo abakiriya bakeneye (nk'imashini zitanga urubura zikora, imashini zikoresha ikawa, imashini zikoresha cola, imashini zikoresha icyayi cy'amata zikora, imashini zikoresha urubura zikora, imashini zikoresha urubura zikora mu buryo bwa tube, imashini zikoresha urubura zikora mu buryo bwa block, imashini zikoresha urubura zikora mu buryo bwa flake, nibindi). Bikozwe mu bikoresho byiza cyane nk'amasahani y'icyuma kitagira umugese akoreshwa ku mpande z'inyuma z'imashini zikora urubura, zitwikira igice n'ibice bibikwamo urubura. Ibi bicuruzwa bishobora gukoreshwa imyaka irenga 15 nta kibazo kandi biroroshye kubisukura. Kuduhitamo ntibizigera bigutenguha!

inyungu zacu

1. Erekana amashusho y'udusanduku twagenewe amashanyarazi atandukanye n'ibirango byayo, ndetse n'ibitekerezo by'abakiriya.
2. Gutanga raporo z'ibizamini ku ikoreshwa ry'ingufu n'ingaruka zo gukonjesha kw'uburyo butandukanye bwo gukonjesha no gukonjesha amazi.
3. Gutanga raporo z'igenzura ku bikoresho by'icyuma kidashonga na videwo z'ibizamini byo kurwanya kwangirika no kurwanya ingese.